Chapter: 3 Learn all about Linux ls command
The ls command is used to see the directories & files present in the current directory. We can also run the ls command on any path to check the content of any particular directory. Sharing the examples below:-
> ls # display all files & folders in row manner
folder1 folder2 file1 file2
To show the content of directory in a vertical list, use below command.
> ls -1 # display content in vertical list
folder1
folder2
file1
file2
To check more details about all the content of a folder/directory. Use ls in long form. It will show file permissions, the owner of the file, the group to which it belongs, the date the file was created, and the file size:
> ls -l # long form
drwx——+ 4 mtroview staff 128 Feb 03 2023 folder1
drwx——+ 4 mtroview staff 128 Feb 03 2023 folder2
rwx——–+ 4 mtroview staff 1828 Feb 03 2023 file1
rwx——-+ 4 mtroview staff 1732 Feb 03 2023 file2
To display the content in human-readable long form use the below command.
Note : human-readable means bytes will be rounded to kilobytes, gigabytes, etc.
> ls -hl # long form, human readable
To display the folder in time-sorted format along with human-readable & long form. Use the below command:-
> ls -hlt # long form, human readable, sorted by time
To list all content including hidden/dotfiles in Linux with long-form, use the below command
> ls -al # list all, including dot- files and dirs
Regex can also be used while listing directory/files like below
> ls *.txt # it will show all files with .txt extension
In a shell script, ls can be useful in for-loops:
> for i in $( ls /some/path/*.txt ); do echo $i; done
The above one will print the file name one by one which has a .txt extension
You can also list multiple different directories in a below way
> ls dir1 dir2 dir3
This will display the content from all mentioned directories at a time. This method is known as globbing.
Chapter: 4 Coming soon…. In next chapter will learn about cd command
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