An algorithm is a set of instructions that defines a sequence of steps to be followed in order to solve a problem or accomplish a task. Algorithms are used in computer programming and play a key role in creating software and applications. Algorithms are also used in everyday life, such as when we use a recipe to bake a cake or use directions to get to a particular destination.
Examples of Algorithms
Sorting Algorithms
Sorting algorithms are used to rearrange data items into a particular sequence based on a certain criteria. Examples include sorting numbers from smallest to largest or alphabetically sorting words. The most common sorting algorithms are quick sort, bubble sort, insertion sort, and selection sort.
Search Algorithms
Search algorithms are used to find a specific item from a collection of data. Examples include linear search and binary search. The former looks for an item one by one in a list, while the latter divides a list in half and eliminates unnecessary sections to locate an item much quicker.
Pathfinding Algorithms
Pathfinding algorithms are used to find the shortest path between two points on a graph. Examples include Dijkstra’s algorithm and A* algorithm.
Mathematical Algorithms
Mathematical algorithms are used to solve specific mathematics problems. Examples include Euclid’s greatest common divisor algorithm which seeks the greatest common divisor of two integers, and the Fibonacci algorithm which generates the Fibonacci sequence of numbers.
Cryptographic Algorithms
Cryptographic algorithms are used to encrypt, decrypt, and store data. Examples include RSA algorithm which is used to securely transport data over the internet and AES algorithm which is used to encrypt confidential data.
